楮实子
中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: *Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition) *
楮实子ChushiziBroussonetiae FructusBroussonetia Fruit
概述 Overview
本品为桑科植物构树Broussonetia papyrifera（L.）Vent.的干燥成熟果实。秋季果实成熟时采收，洗净，晒干，除去灰白色膜状宿萼和杂质。
Broussonetia Fruit is the dried ripe fruit of Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. (Fam. Moraceae). The fruit is collected in autumn when it is ripe, cleaned, dried, and the grayish-white membranous calyx and impurities are removed.
性状 Description
本品略呈球形或卵圆形，稍扁，直径约1.5 mm。表面红棕色，有网状皱纹或颗粒状突起,一侧有棱,一侧有凹沟，有的具果梗。质硬而脆，易压碎。胚乳类白色，富油性。气微，味淡。
Fruits slightly spherical or ovoid, slightly flattened, about 1.5 mm in diameter. Surface reddish-brown, with reticulate wrinkles or granular protuberances, one side with a ridge, the other side with a groove, some with a fruit stalk. Texture hard and brittle, easily crushed. Endosperm white, oily. Odour, slight; taste, weak.
鉴别 Identification
（1）本品粉末红棕色。果皮栅状细胞壁黏液化，残存具细齿状的条纹增厚部分，形似细芒。含晶厚壁细胞成片，棕黄色，表面观类多角形，内含草酸钙簇晶；断面观类长方形，内壁极厚，胞腔偏靠外侧，簇晶矩圆形。内果皮厚壁细胞甚扁平，常多层重叠，界限不清。种皮表皮细胞表面观多角形，壁略呈连珠状增厚，非木化，胞腔内含黄棕色物。
（1）Powder: Reddish-brown. Palisade cell walls of pericarp mucilaginous, remainging denticulate striate-thickened part, fine awn-like m shape. Crystalliferous sclerenchymatous cells abundant, brownish-yellow, subpolygonal in surface view, containing clusters of calcium oxalate; subrectangular in section view, inner walls extremely thickened, lumina situated along outside, clusters oblong. Sclerenchymatous cells of endocarp extremely flattened, frequently overlapped in many layers with indistinct boundary. Epidermal cells of testa polygonal in surface view, with slightly beaded, unlignified walls and yellowish-brown content containing lumina.
（2）取本品粉末2 g，置具塞锥形瓶中，加入石油醚（60～90 °C）50 ml，密塞，超声处理30分钟，滤过，弃去滤液，重复操作3次，残渣挥干，加入甲醇50 ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取楮实子对照药材2 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各8 μl，分别点于同一以羧甲基纤维素钠为黏合剂的硅胶H薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（10︰8︰1.3）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105 °C加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
（2）To 2 g of the powder add 50 ml of petroleum ether (60-90 °C) in a conical flask, seal tightly, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, discard the filtrate, repeat the operation 3 times, evaporate the residue to dryness, add 50 ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of methanol as the test solution. Prepare a solution of the reference drug, Broussonetia Fruit, in the same manner. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel H as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene, ethyl acetate, and formic acid (10: 8: 1.3) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 8 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105 °C to the spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug.
检查 Examination
水分 Water
不得过9.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.
总灰分 Total ash
不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.
浸出物 Extractives
照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于14.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201>, the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 14.0 per cent.
饮片 Prepared slices
楮实子 Broussonetia Fruit
炮制 Processing
除去杂质和灰屑。
Eliminate Foreign matter and ash.
性状 ｜ Description
同药材。
As required for the crude drug.
鉴别 ｜ Identification
同药材。
As required for the crude drug.
检查 ｜ Examination
同药材。
As required for the crude drug.
浸出物 ｜ Extractives
同药材。
As required for the crude drug.
性 Property
寒。
Cold.
味 Flavor
甘。
Sweet.
归经 Meridian tropism
归肝、肾经。
Liver and kidney meridians.
功能 Actions
补肾清肝，明目，利尿。
To nourish the kidney and clear the liver, improve vision, and promote diuresis.
主治 Indications
用于肝肾不足，腰膝酸软，虚劳骨蒸，头晕目昏，目生翳膜，水肿胀满。
Insufficiency of the liver and kidney, soreness and weakness of the waist and knees, consumptive bone steaming, dizziness and blurred vision, opacity of the cornea, edema and distension.
用量 Dosage
6～12 g。
6-12 g.
用法 Administration
无。
None.
贮藏 Storage
置干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, protected from moth.